Four molecule families have peer-reviewed clinical evidence supporting their use in microinfusion-style delivery: copper tripeptide GHK-Cu (collagen synthesis, gene-expression modulation), recombinant epidermal growth factor or sh-Oligopeptide-1 (keratinocyte proliferation, dermal restructuring), polydeoxyribonucleotide PDRN (adenosine A2A receptor activation, fibroblast stimulation, anti-melanogenesis), and a multi-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid system (50 kDa to 2000 kDa fractions, each with different penetration depth and biological role)
(2021) The Long-Term Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement on Bone Mineral Density and Trabecular Bone Score: Results of the 10-Year Prospective Follow-up Tan KT, Luo SC, Ho WZ, Lee YH
It has shown promise in cardiovascular health, including mitigating ischemia-reperfusion injury in distant organs like the kidneys, liver, and lungs
These mechanisms are believed to underpin its geroprotective effects 1
But what usually gives them away is their B12 levels
however, initial small human studies have been disappointing 12
